Jennifer R. has the “stomach flu” that is going around campus and has been vomiting profusely for the past 24 hours. Not only has she been unable to keep down fluidsor food, but she has also lost the acidic digestive juices secreted by the stomach that are normally reabsorbed back into the blood farther down the digestivetract.1.In what ways might this condition threaten to disrupt homeostasis in Jennifer’s internal environment? Lack of acidic juices? Lack of water?2.What specific homeostatically maintained factors are moved away from normal by her profuse vomiting?2.What specific body systems respond to the imbalance and HOW do they resist these changes?
Vomiting for too long will deplete the body water and cause the electrolyte status to change. The loss of acid and chlorine can be caused by gastric vomiting. Hypochloremic metabolism and hypokalemia were caused by it mat. A lessfrequent occurrence results from a vomiting of intestinal contents, including bile acids and HCO3- which can lead to metabolic acidosis. If the fluid loss is more than the fluid gain, the patient is said to be in a negative fluid balance. Both antidiuretic and aldosterone hormones act to decrease the output of urine when the body is deficient in fluid. When the body becomes fluid- deficient, osmoreceptors in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and subfornical organ will detect it. Theseareas project to the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, which contain neurons that produce the antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin, from the nerve endings in the posterior pituitary. This increases the production of antidiuretic hormone and retains water from the kidneys and urine output. Aldosterone is able to retain body water through the renin-angiotensin system. Antiemetics can be used to treat the symptoms of vomiting.
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